The present survey of Vergilian scholarship is the twenty-fifth in the VERGILIUS series. Classical World68:1 (1974), published in association with The Vergilian Society, Inc., contains my "Recent Work on Vergil: A Bibliographical Survey, 1964-73." The survey was reprinted in The Classical World Bibliography of Vergil(Walter Donlan, ed.), Garland Publishing, Inc. (New York & London 1978). Subsequent reviews of scholarship have appeared in Vergilius 19(1973), 20 (1974), 21 (1975), 22 (1976), 23 (1977), 24 (1978), 25 (1979), 26 (1980), 27 (1981) 28 (1982), 29 (1983), 30 (1984), 31 (1985) and 32 (1986). This compilation is greatly indebted to the assistance and cooperation of the Mills Memorial Library of McMaster University, and the Robarts Library of the University of Toronto. Offprints of articles and titles for inclusion in the annual VERGILIUS Bibliography have been generously provided by readers, and scholars are urged once again to send material and advice to the editor of "Vergilian Bibliography," c/o Department of Classics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M2.
1. Juliette Ernst, Viktor Poeschl, William C. West (eds.), L'Année Philologique55 1984 (Paris 1986).
2. Alexander G. McKay, "Vergilian Bibliography, 1985-86," Vergilius (1986) 79-97.
3. Meyer Reinhold and Emily Albu Hanawalt, "Bibliography of the Classical Traliltlon for 1983," CML6:3 (1986) 194-197; and for 1984, CML7:3 (1987) 203-208.
4. Adele Bellù, La memoria di Virgilio nella documentazione archivistica mantovana(Mantua 1981).
5. Vergil at 2000: Commemorative Essays on the Poet and his Influence,ed. John D. Bernard (New York 1985).
6. Simposio Virgiliano: Commemorativo del bimilenario de la muerte de Virgilio (Murcia1984).
7. 2000 Jahre Vergil: Ein Symposion (Wolfenbütteler Forschungen,24) (Wiesbaden 1983). Rev: Nicholas Horsfall, CR37 (1987) 101.
8. W. Taegert, "Spuren Vergils in und um Bamberg. Nachlese zu einer Ausstellung Universitäts-bibliothek und Staatsbibliothek Bamberg,'' Buch und Bibliothek in Bamberg . . .,ed. Dieter Kavasek (Bamberg 1986) 387-437.
9. Atti del Congresso Nazionale di Studio su Virgilio: Torino maggio 1982,ed. U. Uglione (Torino 1984).
Vergil at 2000 (#5)contains essays by five scholars: J.W. Jones, Jr., "The Allegorical Tradition of the Aeneid"; Robert S. Miola, "Vergil in Shakespeare;" Ruth Mortimer, "Vergil in the Light of the Sixteenth Century;'' Meyer Reinhold ''Vergil in the American Experience from Colonial Times to 1882," Stella P. Revard, "Vergil's Georgics and Paradise Lost," Alan S. True blood, "Vergil's Eclogues and the Spanish Renaissance;" and Steven N. Zwicker, "Readings in Vergil in the 1690's.'' The University of Murcia symposium appears with the short title MURCIA. Taegert's article recalls the spectacular library exhibition of 1982 (See "Vergilian Bibliography 1982-83,'' #3).
10. K. Büchner, Virgilio. Il poeta dei Romani, ed. E. Riganti (Roma 1986).
11. Enciclopedia Virgiliana, dir. Francesco Della Corte, Vol. I, A-DA (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana) (Roma, 1984). Rev: Alfonso Traina, RFIC 114 (1986) 231-238.
Büchner's monumental Pauly-Wissowa article has been reproduced in a new edition with thorough editing. The Enciclopedia Virgiliana, a five-volume project, is an impressive landmark in Vergilian studies, providing articles (in Italian) by a host of international scholars.
12. G. Brugnoli, Foca: Vita di Virgilio (Testi e studi di cultura classica, 1) (Roma 1983).
13. Marc Chouet, Virgile, L'Énéide. Traduction rhythmée, avec douze horstextes de Daniel Bobillier (Génève 1984). Rev: Philippe Heuzé, REL 63 (1985) 319-320.
14. Manfred Erren, P. Vergilius Maro, Georgica. Herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert, Band I: Einleitung, Praefatio, Text und Ubersetzung (Heidelberg 1985).
15. E. Frenkel, Aeneas: Virgil's Epic Retold for Young Readers. Illustrations by Simon Weller (Bristol 1987).
16. Mario Geymonat (ed.), Eneide, con episodi significativi di lliade e Odissea (Bologna 1987).
17. C. Day Lewis, Eclogues and Georgics, with Introduction and Notes by R. O. A. M. Lyne (London 1985); Aeneid, with Introduction and Notes by Jasper Griffin (London 1986).
18. L. Miori, Publio Vergilio Marone: Eneide (tradotta in esametri e commentata) (Calliano 1982).
19. Mario Ronchetti, (trad.), Virgilio, Bucoliche (Padova 1983). Rev: Alfonso Traina, Latomus 45 (1986) 210.
20. M. Squillante Saccone, Le Interpretationes vergilianae di Tiberio Claudio Donato (Roma 1985).
21. Robert Sonkowsky, Selections from Vergil read in Classical Latin, ed. Stephen Daitz ("The Living Voice of Greek and Latin Literature") (Guilford, Conn. 1984).
22. O. B. Hardison, "Tudor Humanism and Surrey's Translation of the Aeneid," SP 83 (1986) 237-260.
23. L. Tarantini, Virgilio Marone, Eneide (versione metrica Italiana) (Roma 1985).
24. L. Tarantini, Virgilio Marone, Bucoliche e Georgiche (versione metrica Italiana) (Roma 1984).
25. Bruce E. Graver, "Wordsworth and the Language of Epic: The Translation of the Aeneid," SP 83 (1986) 261-285.
Chouet's translation includes Daniel Bobillier's perceptive and evocative plates. Emily Frenkel's story for young readers will capture the newly awakened interest in American elementary schools. Simon Weller's illustrations are appealing. Geymonat's compilation of mainly verse translations in Italian is richly illustrated in colour and black-and-white. The translations derive from Annibal Caro (1581), Vittorio Alfieri (1806{)7), Giacomo Leopardi (1817), Giovanni Pascoli (1923), Giuseppe Albini (1922) and Carlo Carena (1971). Geymonat's preface and the interwoven essays and Homeric parallels make the volume even more serviceable and exemplary. Day Lewis' translations, available in Oxford paperback since 1966, reappear now in "The World's Classics" with two expert scholars as contributors. Luciano Miori's verse translation is enhanced with 29 plates by Luigi Ratini, completed between 1925 and 1934. Ronchetti provides a translation into nimble hexameters with the Latin text. Sonkowsky's readings on two cassettes draw on Vergil's repertoire, with emphasis on the epic.
26. H. MacL. Currie, "Moretum 98: A Conjecture," LCM 12 (1987) 54.
27. E.J. Kenney, (ed.), The Ploughman's Lunch: Moretum. A poem ascribed to Virgil (1984).
28. O. Oksala, ''Carmen Vergili (?) abituri (Catal. 5),'' Arctos Suppl. 2 (1985) 147-152.
29. Neil O'Sullivan, ''Two notes on (Vergil's) Catalepton 2,'' CO 36 (1986) 496-501.
Currie provides an alternative to vestem, lapidem, vasum, and pilam in messem (="harvest," a mock heroic reference to the herbal contents of the mortar). O'Sullivan explains febris as an extreme form of literary frigidity with which the young Vergil (?) was charged at a public reading.
30. A. J. Boyle, The Chaonian Dove: Studies in the Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid of Virgil (Mnemosyne Supplement 94) (Leiden 1986).
31. Vinzenz Buchheit, "Frühling in den Eklogen. Vergil und Lukrez," RhM 129 (1986) 123-41.
32. M. Lombardi, "La tradizione letteraria delle notazioni temporali nelle Egloghe di Virgilio," Qucc 21 (1985) 71-88.
33. Joao Pedro Mendes, Construçao e arte tag Bucólicas de Virgílio (texto, traducao e notas) (Brasília 1985).
34. E. A. Schmidt, Bukolische Leidenschaft oder über antike Hirtenpoesie (Studien zur klassischen Philologie 22) (Munchen 1985).
Boyle reassesses the major political, psychological and moral ideas of Vergil's writings. He explores the poet's intellectual and poetic development and advances a radically new conception of Vergil's image of himself as a poet. Pastoral Meditation, Didactic Paradox, and Epic Vision, are Boyle's concerns as he explores intertextuality and meaning.
35. F. Manning and S. Warren, "The Hero under the Beech . . . ," Comparative Literature in Canada 17:2 (1986) 14-5.
36. Charles Fantazzi and Carl W. Querbach, "Sound and Substance: A Reading of Virgil's Seventh Eclogue," Phoenix 39 (1985) 355-67.
37. F. Michelazzo, "Il virgiliano parvus Micon (Buc. 7.29-30)," Prometheus 11 (1985) 218-22.
38. Ralph M. Rosen and Joseph Farrell, "Acontius, Milanion, and Gallus: Vergil, Ecl. 10.52-61," TAPA 116 (1986) 241- 54.
Manning and Warren deal lightheartedly with Eclogue 1. Fantazzi and Querbach assess Thyrsis as meriting grudging admiration for his subtlety in matching euphonic qualities with thematic content in the alternating quatrains. The Bucolic is neither a paradigmatic model of Vergilian poetic a esthetics nor a simple pastoral divertissement. Rosen and Farrell support D. O. Ross (1975) in asserting that Gallus used Acontius and Milanion as erotic exempla in his Amores. Specific sources for the Gallan exempla can be identified in Callimachus' poetry. The allusions are designed to honor Gallus and to call attention to his Callimachean doctrina.
39. M. Carelli, ``Aspetti lessicale dell' umanizzazione di elementi naturali nelle Georgiche: la terminologia del labor e del bellum," Civiltà; Classica e Cristiana, (1986) 171-84.
40. F. Cupaiuolo, "Alcuni osservazioni sull'esametro delle Georgiche di Virgilio," BSL 15 (1985) 3-17.
41. David O. Ross, Jr., Virgil's Elements: Physics and Poetry in the Georgics (Princeton 1987)
42. M. S. Spurr, "Agriculture and the Georgics," G&R 33 (1986) 164-87.
43. W. Stroh, "Labor Improbus: Die Arbeit im antiken Rom,'' Der Mensch und seine Arbeit. Eine Ringvorlesung der Universität München (St. Ottilien 1986) 111-46.
44. Richard F. Thomas, "Virgil's Georgics and the Art of Reference," HSCP 90 (1986) 171-98.
Ross examines the elements of the physical world and the ideas, motifs and themes of Vergil's poetic thought. Ross presents the Georgics as a poem of the physical sciences, and of the power and ultimate failure of knowledge. The farmer manipulates the elements to create the necessary balance for growth; but in Vergil's universe, the potential for destruction inevitably results in a profound pessimism. Ross's observations, reminding us, inter alia, that Roman nature was the farm, not the wilderness, are illuminating and provocative. Spurr challenges generalizations regarding the Georgics, that they offer agricultural inaccuracies, that they concentrate on the small subsistence farm, and that they reflect present-day ruin of Italian agriculture. His plea for closer attention to the agricultural details is salutary and the article is highly recommended. Thomas offers a typology of reference to Vergil's manipulation of his models in the Treatises on Agriculture. Multiple references and conflation are the most sophisticated form of the art of allusion.
45. C. Tibiletti, "Impotesi interpretativa di Georgiche 1, 299,'' Orpheus (1986) 123-9.
46. L. Landolfi, "Virgilio e la `digressione storica' (Georg. II 136-176," Stud Ital 78 (1985) 267-81.
47. A. P. S. Dobsevage, "De Vergilianis Apibus," Hermes Americanus 1:4 (1983) 215-21.
48. Jasper Griffin, "The Fourth Georgic: Virgil and Rome," Latin poets and Roman Life (London 1985) 163-182.
49. Roland Mayer, "A Note on a `raccordo editoriale' of Virgil," Maia 3 (1986) 159 Hermes Americanus is produced by Academia Latina Danburiensis, Bethel, Connecticut. Griffin's chapter assesses the bees in Georgic 4 as a counterpart to the self-serving austerity of traditional Roman values. The Orpheus epyllion shows Vergil's sympathy with individual sensibilities and emotions, with love and with art. Griffin tracks this dichotomy from the bucolics to the epic. Mayer treats the sphragis of the last Georgic as a reference to work published rather than work in prospect. The deviser of ille ego qui quondam sought to ease the transition from the Georgics to the Aeneid. The spurious lines, in Mayer's view, were designed for an Aeneid which followed hard upon the Georgics. "Raccordo editoriale" refers to articles by La Penna, Maia 34 (1982) and SIFC 78 (1985).
50. B. Arkin, "New Approaches to Virgil," Latomus 45 (1986) 33-42.
51. Helen H. Bacon, "The Aeneid as a Drama of Election," TAPA 116 (1986) 305-34.
52. M. Bonfanti, Punto di vista e modi delle narrazione nell'Eneide. (Biblioteca di Materiali e Discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici, 3) (Pisa 1985)
53. Edward Coleiro, Tematica e strutture dell'Eneide di Virgilio (Amsterdam 1983). Rev: N. Horsfall, CR (1987) 102: Marion Lausberg, Gnomon 58 (1986) 549-52.
54. G. D'Anna, "L'Amour selon Virgile," LEC 55 (1987) 151-61.
55. Marcello Gigante, Lecturae Vergilianae: L'Eneide (Naples 1983). Rev: N. Horsfall, CR 37 (1987) 101.
56. Daniel Gillis, Eros and Death in the Aeneid (Rome, 1983). Rev: Susan Ford Wiltshire, CO (1986-87) 64, 66.
57. Woldemar Görler, "Kontrastierende Szenenpaare: Indirekte 'Prasenz tea autors' in Vergils Aeneis," RhM 129 (1986) 285-305.
58. K. W. Gransden, Virgil's Iliad: An Essay on Epic Narrative (Cambridge 1984). Rev: Ward W. Briggs Jr., Vergilius 32 (1986) 103-4; Harold C. Got off, CP 82 (1987) 168- 74; S. J. Harrison, CR 36 (1986) 38-40; Marion Lausberg, Gymnasium 93 (1986) 522 4; A. Traina, RFIC 114 (1986) 208-9; Thomas Van Nortwick, AJP 107 (1986) 293-6.
59. Jasper Griffin, Virgil (Oxford 1986).
60. Nicholas P. Gross, Amatory Persuasion in Antiquity (Newark, Del. 1985). Rev: W. R. Nethercut, CO (1986) 31-2.
61. Philippe Heuzé, L'lmage du Corps dans l'oeuvre de Virgile. (Rome 1985) Rev: D. P. Fowler, G&R (1987) 91.
62. Nicholas Horsfall, "Non viribus aequis: Some Problems in Virgil's Battle Scenes," G&R 34 (1987) 48-55.
63. Richard Jenkyns, "Landscapes of Emotion: Aeneas and the Tiber," Omnibus 13 (1987) 4-6.
64. R. O. A. M. Lyne, Further Voices in Vergil's Aeneid (Oxford 1986).
65. V. Manfredi, "Il consulente navale di Virgilio per l'Eneide," Aevum 56 (1982) 3-18.
66. Silvana Rocca, Etologia virgiliana (Pubblicazioni dell'Istituto di filologia classica e medievale, No. 80) (Genova 1983). Rev: N. Horsfall, CR 37 (1987) 100; Jean- Claude Richard, REL 63 (1985) 321-2.
67. Bosco Youm Seong, "Quid cogitaverit et senserit Vergilius de Iustitia in poemate quid inscribitur Aeneis,'' (Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Studiorum Universitas Salesiana) (Roma 1986)
68. V. Soares, "Sementes de frustracibo na Eneida," Humanitas 35-36 (1983-84) 171-217.
69. R. F. Thomas, "From Recusatio to Commitment: The Evolution of the Vergilian Programme,' Papers, Liverpool Latin Seminar 5, 1985 (1986) 61-73.
70. Michelle P. Wilhelm and Robert M. Wilhelm, "The Aeneid Institute: An Overview of the Program," Vergilius 32 (1986) 116-22.
71. Robert M. Wilhelm and Michelle P. Wilhelm, "The Aeneid: Humanities in the Elementary Curriculum," New England Classical Newsletter 14:3 (1987) 20 25.
72. Gordon Williams, Technique and Ideas in the Aeneid (New Haven 1983). Rev: John Warden, Phoenix 39 (1985) 172 4.
Arkin detects three important topics in modern criticism of Vergil: the meaning of the Aeneid; employment of Catullus as source; and the poet's use of figurative language. Helen Bacon explores the theme of "election" not only to a mission but also to ultimate godhood. She accents the spiritual and visionary dimension as integral to the action. In her view, the fulfillment of the vision of the new golden age implies not merely fulfillment in this world but in the world of the spirit. Görler treats intrusions of the author into the narrative (Aen. 1.712-4; 4.65f.; 9.446f.; 10.501-4), and connections between separate events. Griffin's slender volume treats Rome and Arcadia, the Muse in Hobnails, and the Aeneid and the Myth of Rome. Griffin's offering, in 118 pages, is ideal for students of Vergil's work in translation Heuzé's treatment of the human body in Vergil's writing weighs in heavily but offers good new perspectives throughout. The study appears in "Collection de l'Ecole Franc,aise de Rome," 86. Horsfall is concerned with what determined victory in Vergilian combats. Jenkyns expresses enthusiasm for Vergil's Tiber landscape in Aeneid 8. He promises a book on the Aeneid. Lyne's Further Voices deals with the "polyphonic" composition of the epic. Manfredi is concerned with the impact of Agrippan projects on Vergil's marine matters. Michelle and Robert Wilhelm provide background on the National Endowment for the Humanities project for forty elementary teachers who were convened at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio during the summer of 1986. The Vergilius article also examines Roberto Barni's canvas Aeneas (Enea) which was based on the epic and was painted in 1983.
73. P. R. Hardie, "Aeneas and the Omen of the Swans (Verg. Aen. 1.393-400)," CP 82 (1987) 145-50.
74. Egil Kraggerud, "Aeneid 1, 603-605 and Mens Sibi Conscia Recti." SO 62 (1987) 89-94.
75. G. Nussbaum, "The Punctuation of Aeneid I. 1-7," G&R 33 (1986) 188-90.
76. Gabriele Thome, 'Die Begegnung Venus-Aeneas im Wald vor Karthago (Aen. 1, 314-417). Ein Beitrag zur vergilischen Venus-Konzeption: Stammutter und/oder Liebesgottin?,' Latomus 45 (1986) 43-68; 284-310.
77. John R. C. Martyn, "Ulysses in the Trojan Horse," Vergilius 32 (1986) 61-2.
78. J. H. Molyneux, "Sinon's Narrative in AeneidII," Latomus 45 (1986) 873-7.
79. R. G. Austin, P. Vergili Maronis Aeneidos liber quartus. (Oxford 1982) Rev: David F. Bright, Mnemosyne 39 (1986) 513-4.
80. David Konstan, "Venus's Enigmatic Smile," Vergilius 32 (1986) 18-25.
81. Charles E. Murgia, "Dido's Puns," CP 82 (1987) 50-9.
82. M. Paschalis, ''Atlas and the Mission of Mercury (Aeneid 4.238-58)," Papers, Liverpool Latin Seminar 5, 1985 (1986) 109-29.
83. Charles Saylor, "Some Stock Characteristics of the Roman Lover in Vergil, Aeneid IV," Vergilius 32 (1986) 73-7.
84. T.E. Kinsey, "The Death of Palinurus," PP 224 (1985) 379-80.
85. W.R. Nethercut, "Aeneid 5, 105: The Horses of Phaethon," AJP 107 (1986) 102-8.
86. Michael B. Poliakoff, ''Entellus and Amycus: Vergil, Aen. 5.362-484," ICS 10 (1985) 227-31.
87. Frederick E. Brenk, S.J., "Avorum Spes et Purpurei Flores: The Eulogy for Marcellus in Aeneid VI," AJP 107 (1986) 218-28.
88. Robert J. Edgeworth, "The Ivory Gate and the Threshold of Apollo," C&M 37 (1986) 145-60.
89. T.E. Kinsey, "Pictures on Temple Doors: Virgil, Aeneid 6.9- 41," LCM 11 (1986) 137.
90. Michael Paschalis, ''The Unifying Theme of Daedalus' Sculptures on the Temple of Apollo Cumanus (A en. 6.20 33)," Vergilius 32 (1986) 33-41.
91. Michael Paschalis, ''Virgil and the Delphic Oracle," Philologus 130 (1986) 44-68.
92. Michael C.J. Putnam, ''Daedalus, Virgil, and the End of Art,'' AJP 108 (1987) 173-198.
93. Raimund J. Quiter, Aeneas und die Sibylle. Die rituelle Motive im sechsten Buch der Aeneis. (Königstein 1984). Rev: Fritz Graf, Gnomon 58 (1986) 360-3.
94. Aldo Setaioli, "The Hereafter in Virgil," Humanitas (Newsletter of the Ohio Classical Conference) 12:1 (1986-87) 21-32; and The Mississippi Classicist 3:2 (1986) 7-18.
95. D. R. Shackleton Bailey, "Tu Marcellus eris," HSCP 90 (1986) 199-205.
96. Susan Skulsky, "The Sibyl's Rage and the Marpessan Rock," AJP 108 (1987) 56-80.
97. C. Dermot Small, "Virgil, Aeneid 7, 620 2,'' CQ 36 (1986) 278-80.
98. T. E. V. Pearce, "Virgil, Aeneid 8, 588," Mnemosyne 40 (1987) 154-6.
99. Ian Worthington, "Should Aeneid 8.727 and 728 be Transposed?," Eranos 84 (1986) 167-9.
100. M. Dickie, "The Speech of Numanus Remulus (Aeneid 9, 598-620)," Papers, Liverpool Latin Seminar 5, 1985 (1986) 165-221.
101. G.C. Giardina, "Verg. Aen. IX 172," Museum Criticum 19-20 (1984-85) 199-200.
102. Herbert H. Huxley, "Multa Tamen Ante Futuri Exitio," Vergilius 32 (1986) 26.
103. S. Farron, "Aeneas' Human Sacrifice," AClass 28 (1985) 21-33.
104. Egil Kraggerud, "Perusia and the Aeneid," SO 62 (1987) 77-87.
105. Angelo Russi, "Virgilio e il Gargano (Aen. 11, 246-247)," Athenaeum 64 (1986) 226-30.
106. Robert J. Edgeworth, "The Dirae of Aeneid XII,'' Eranos 84 (1986) 133-43.
107. Denis Feeney, "How the Aeneid Ends,'' Omnibus 12 (1986) 11-3.
108. R. J. Schork, "The Final Simile in the Aeneid. Roman and Rutulian Ramparts," AJP 107 (1986) 260-70.
109. Carl P. E. Springer, "The Last Line of the Aeneid," CJ 82 (1987) 310-13.
Hardie adduces further arguments for Housman's emendation of terras to stellas and provides a searching discussion of the omen. Kraggerud argues against taking mens etc. as a second subject of ferant; he also favors iustitiae as against iustitia, and tries to define the precise references in the conditional clause. Nussbaum argues for a semicolon after litora and Latio, and a new main clause after litora and after Latio. Thome provides a detailed examination of the Venus-Aeneas interview. Martyn has composed a poetic reflection on Aeneid 2. Molyneux considers the question of the continuity and consistency of the two main sections of Sinon's narrative (Aen. 2.108-44; and 154-94). Konstan studies the tricks and deceptions which aroused Venus' smile. Murgia discusses double meanings in Dido's statements. Paschalis provides a thorough analysis of the Mercury episode. Saylor's article studies familiar and original facets of the lover in Aeneid 4. Aeneas and Dido are aligned with lovers as they would appear in an extended elegy or set of elegies by Propertius or Tibullus. The features are identified as madness (furor) of love; idleness as a result of love; loss of reputation because of the affair, and love's waste of interests and resources. Kinsey deals with alleged discrepancies in the account of Palinurus' death (Aen. 5.833-871; 6.337-62). Nethercut accents the element of control by Aeneas in the Phaethon context. Poliakoff shows how Vergil improves on the boxing match in Apollonius, Argonautica 2.30-97. There are ethical overtones to the Vergilian episode, a reminder that responsible persons must work constantly to subdue the forces of anger and violence. Brenk discovers parallels between the eulogy for Marcellus and the Scipionic epitaphs. Reminiscent too of the Anthology, Vergil offers a blend of Roman and Hellenistic elements in his celebrated lament for Marcellus. Edgeworth probes the meanings of gates and thresholds in the Aeneid, both legendary and historical. The scene of Augustus at the threshold of the Temple of Palatine Apollo has conflicting associations. Kinsey examines the purpose of the decorations of Apollo's temple doors at Cumae. Paschalis treats Aeneid 6.20-33 in conjunction with Catullus 64.71-115. The central theme of the Daedalic panels is tragic experience, they foreshadow episodes to come when the young die prematurely and bring inconsolable grief to their parents. Paschalis also detects Vergil's transference of Delphic associations to three separate circumstances: laurel and tripod to Delos; sacred spring and exhalations to Faunus' oracle; and ecstatic prophecy to the Sibyl at Cumae. Putnam is also concerned with the Daedalic artwork at Cumae. He assesses the tale of Daedalus (which is the theme of the panels) as a typology mirrored in the ethical "artistry" practised by Aeneas following the standards set by Anchises at the close of Aeneid 6. Setaioli's article sheds light on episodes and meanings in Aeneid 6. Shackleton Bailey faults editors and interpreters for their incomplete understanding and for their conventional reading of the Marcellus eulogy. Rolfe Humphries' translation (1951) captured the essence and the design: "Poor boy, if you should break the cruel fates, if only you are to be Marcellus." Skulsky studies the Sibyl's experience as sexual and is concerned with the erotic nature of inspiration. Pearce argues that the preposition in should yield to it. (Aen. 8.588). Gransden and R. D. Williams followed the mss. tradition (in); Markland, Mynors, Fordyce, and Pearce favor it. Worthington challenges Eden's suggested transposition which would provide geographical order. Worthington argues that the order is deliberately distorted to emphasize contrasts and to create dramatic effect. Dickie sheds considerable light on the pugnacious speech of Numanus Remulus. Huxley's verses reflect on the Nisus and Euryalus episode. Farron charges that Aeneas' human sacrifice (Aen. 10.517-20; 11.81-2) constitutes a serious attack on both Aeneas and Octavian. Kraggerud analyses the same passages and finds no acceptable basis for connecting the passages with Vergil's own time and the Perusian sacrifice of 300 knights and senators at the altar of Divus Julius. Russi examines topographical implications of the Garganus association. Diomedes is properly to be seen as victor Gargani. Edgeworth is concerned with the two unnamed Dirae, the necessity for the duo, and the association of the Dirae with the threshold. He concludes that the Fury cannot be named, that both are utterly destructive, and that the threshold evokes Iliad 24 and so engenders an atmosphere of dread and doom. Feeny, Schork, and Springer are differently concerned with the close of the epic. Schork relates the final simile to other Vergilian contexts and so assesses the larger significance of the "rampart" associations. Springer adduces the Iliad as precedent; its final lines provide no detachable epilogue and the emphasis on the antagonist and the note of sympathy are all duplicated in Vergil's final verse which centers on the tragedy of the opponent's death in a line which was more familiar than it was shocking to "classical" sensibilities.
110. W. P. Basson, "Vergil's Camilla: A Paradoxical Character," AClass 29 (1986) 57-68.
111. W. A. Camps, "Some Personal Reflections on Virgilian and Homeric Narrative," PVS 18 (1986) 133-41.
112. S. Farron, "Aeneas' Revenge for Pallas as a Criticism of Aeneas," AClass 29 (1986) 69-83.
113. Carolyn Clark Breen, "The Shield of Turnus, The Swordbelt of Pallas, and the Wolf: Aeneid 7.782-92; 9.59-66, 10.479- 99,'' Vergilius 32 (1986) 63-71.
114. Jasper Griffin, "The Creation of Characters in the Aeneid," Latin Poets and Roman Life (London 1985) 182-197. Rev: David West, CR (1987) 50-52.
115. Manfred Lossau, "Achates, Symbolfigur der `Aeneis' " Hermes 115 (1987) 89-99.
116. M. C. J. Putnam, "The Hesitation of Aeneas,'' Atti del Convegno mondiale scienrifico di stud I su Virgilio (Milan 1984) 2:233-252.
117. Cornelia Renger, Aeneas und Turnus. Anals LA1 ye einer Feindschaft (Frankfurt-am-Main 1985). Rev: S. J. Harrison, CR 36 (1986) 43-4; Egil Kraggerud, Gnomon 59.
118. Peter Schenk, Die Gestalt tea Turnus in Vergils Aeneid (Königstein 1984). Rev: S.J. Harrison, CR 36 (1986) 40-43; Egil Kraggerud, Gnomon 59 (1987) 61-62.
Basson sees Camilla as a paradigm of the sacrifices that war demands and of the apparent senselessness and futility of war. Camilla is an illustration of the paradox of inevitability and futility. Camps, inter alia, deals with the lack of coherent reality in Vergil's Aeneas and suggests that to render Aeneas a living creature of flesh and blood it is helpful to supplement Vergil's account with the life and person of Augustus who is certainly not portrayed in the hero but was very much in Vergil's mind in the creation of his hero. Suetonius, Seneca, and the Res Gestae all portray a real but enigmatic personality who gives substance to the reality of Vergil's creation. Camps offers an exemplary Presidential Address to the Virgil Society of the United Kingdom. Farron concerns himself with four passages which represent acts committed by Aeneas to avenge Pallas (10.523-33, 554-60, 595-610; and 12.930-52). The negative reaction of Vergil's contemporaries to Aeneas' denial of supplications and his scorn for parent-child relationships must have been stronger than ours. The acts were inhuman and a violation of values. Breen's article takes a close look at the armor and the characterization of Turnus, at his ancestry, the iconography of his armor, and Pallas' sword belt. The heraldry and the animal ferocity embracing Turnus foreshadow his fate. Griffin's chapter (9) attempts to convey not only what the poet does in his creation and combination of characters, but what his purpose is and the importance of this aspect of the epic for the understanding of the whole. Lossau examines Anchises, a minor character, but the shadow of Aeneas, counterpart to Palinurus. Putnam argues that Aeneas' final act turns him into a Juno figure, a personification not of pietas but of Junonian anger.
119. J. N. Bremmer and N. M. Horsfall, Studies in Roman Myth and Mythography (London 1987).
120. J. Evans, The Legends of Early Rome used in Political Propaganda in the Roman Republican and AugusMn Periods (Roma, 1985).
121. Nicholas Horsfall, ''The Aeneas-Legend and the Aeneid," Vergilius 32 (1986) 8-17.
122. N. Horsfall, "Varrone," Enciclopedia Virgiliana (Roma 1985) 2:221-29.
123. P. Marchetti, "Un nouveau livre sur les origines de Rome," LEC 55 (1987) 83- 85.
124. Paul M. Martin, "Rome avant Rome d'après l'origo gentis Romanae," RPh 59 (1985) 265-71.
125. Pseudo-Aurelius Victor, Les Origines du peuple romain (Texte etabli traduit, et commente par J.-C. Richard (Paris 1983).
126. Friedrich Solmsen, "Aeneas Founded Rome with Odysseus," HSCP 90 (1986) 93-110.
The forthcoming study by Bremmer and Horsfall (Bulletin of the Institute for Classical Studies, Supplement) will provide a fuller and updated version of Horsfall's Enciclopedia Virgiliana article (Varrone e l'Eneide) (#122). Horsfall's article on the Aeneas-legend deals with Vergil's perception of the history and transmission of the Aeneas story. He explores how the development of the Aeneas-legend and the variant strands and stages within that development are reflected in the epic. Marchetti's review article treats J. Poucet, Les Origines de Rome. Traditions et histoire (Bruxelles 1985). Martin's review essay is concerned with Richard's edition of Pseudo-Aurelius Victor. Solmsen deals with problems attaching to the Aeneas-legend under the headings: Odysseus in Italy; Aeneas in Italy; Rome; and the Burning of the Ships.
127. F. Bömer, "Aeneas landet bei Cumae. Zu Verg. Aen. VI 3 und Ov. Met. XIV 102ff.," Gymnasium 93 (1986) 97-101.
128. Alfonso De Franciscis (ed.), Archaia. Collana di ricerche archeologiche (Naples 1986).
129. Genevieve Dury-Moyaers, Énée et Lavinium. A propos des découvertes archéologiques récentes. Avec une préface de F. Castagnoli. (Bruxelles 1981). Rev: P. G. Gierow, Gnomon 58 (1986) 436-40.
130. M. G. Fiorini Galassi et al., Virgilio: Alla ricerca del volto (Suzzara 1981).
131. M. Gigante, Virgilio e la Campania (Naples 1984).
132. Stephen J. Harrison, "Vergil and the Cult of Athene,'' Hermes 115 (1987) 124-6.
133. Elisabeth Henry, "Virgil and the Monuments,'' PVS 18 (1986) 19-45.
134. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC) III. Atherion-Eros. 2 vols. (Zurich 1986).
135. Michael P. McHugh, ''Observations on the Seres in Latin Literature,'' Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History IV (Latomus Vol. 196) (Bruxelles 1986) 341-4.
136. Alexander G. McKay Roma Antiqua. Latium and Etruria. A Source Book of Classical Texts (New York 1986).
137. P. M. Martin, La Campanie antique tea origines à; l'éruption de Vésuve. Peuplement et développement, 2 vols. (Paris 1986)
138. I. Rainini, Santuario di Mefete in Valle d'Ansanto (Archaeologia 60) (Roma, 1985).
139. R. F. Thomas, Lands and Peoples in Roman Poetry: The Ethnographical Tradition (Cambridge 1982). Rev: P. H. Schrijvers, Mnemosyne 40 (1987) 206-9.
140. Mario Torelli, Lavinio e Roma. Riti iniziatici e matrimonio tra archeologia e storia (Roma 1984). Rev: M. N. Sellers, JRS 76 (1986) 298-300.
141. J. B. Trapp, ''The Grave of Vergil," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 47 (1984) 1-31.
142. J. B. Trapp, "Virgil and the Monuments," PVS 18 (1986) 1-17.
143. F. Uliano, Cuma. Il Templo di Apollo e il dromos. Strutture egeo-micenee. Pref. di F. Pano (Roma 1985).
Franz Bömer explores geographical and historical factors attaching to Aeneas' legendary landing, with extensive bibliography. Ovid's preference for Baiae (or Puteoli) as landing site is irrelevant. De Franciscis has collected articles by Amedeo Maiuti and others relating to the Phlegraean Fields, and the Sibyl's grotto, with 16 plates. Gig ante has collected several of his own articles on ''Virgilio e la Campania" (1982), ''Virgilio sot to il Vesuvio" (1981), ''Virgilio fra Ercolano e Pompei" (1983) and ''Il Virgilio manoscritto di Napoli'' (1981). Harrison details Vergil's use of the monuments of Athens in describing the Trojan cult of Athena. The Parthenon frieze is highlighted. Henry's lecture examines, inter alia, the Minerva-statues found in 1977 during the excavations at Pratica di Mare (anc. Lavinium). In her plea for recognition of topographical realities, landscapes, and remains as applicable to Vergil, she also treats the monumenta associated with Minerva in the epic. LIMC provides up- to-date notices on illustrations of Vergilian characters and references. McKay's source book includes Vergilian passages in connection with Rome, and Latium and Etruria. Rainini is concerned with Allecto's haunt in the valley of the Amsanctus. McHugh deals with allusions to the Seres in Vergil (Geo. 2.121) and elsewhere in the literature of the Golden and Silver Ages. Trapp, in two articles, deals with the so-called Tomb of Vergil on Posillipo and other commemorative monuments near Naples or Mantua. Uliano's thesis seems strained in its non- Hellenic associations.
144. Luisa Breglia Pulci Doria, Oracoli sibillini tra rituali e propaganda (Studi su Flegonte di Tralles) (Napoli 1983).
145. D. Dominici, Epicureismo e stoicismo nella Roma antica. Lucrezio, Virgilio, Orazio (Ott civil I), Seneca. (Roma 1985).
146. P. Grimal, "Virgile aux sources de la spirtualite romaine," BAGV 3 (1986) 241-52.
147. P. R. Hardie, ''Cosmological Patterns in the Aeneid," Papers, Liverpool Latin Seminar 5 1985 (1986) 85-97.
148. Francis Vincent Hicksen, Voces Precationum. The Language of Prayer in the "History'' of Livy and the "Aeneid" of Vergil. Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1986. DA 47, 6 (1986) 2141A.
149. James Joseph O'Hara Vergil and the Optimistic Prophecy in the Aeneid. Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1986. DA 47, 6 (1986) 2149A-2150A.
150. J. Sierón, "Wergilianski ideal clowieka i jego stosunek do przyrody (De homine Vergiliano in rerum natura versante)," Meander 40 (1983) 29-39.
151. Marianne Wifstrand Schiebe, "The Saturn of the Aeneid-Tradition or Innovation?," Vergilius 32 (1986) 43-60.
Breglia examines the Cumaean oracle in conjunction with Demeter and Apollo and in association with her study of Phlegon of Tralles (2nd c. PT10 A.D. PT12 ). Grimal discovers traces of Vergil's compromise between Epicurean thought and style and his own deeper spirituality. His departures from Lucretius contributed eventually to Roman Christianity and Christian mysticism. Hardie's offering explores a neglected area of Vergilian studies with considerable success. Schiebe finds Vergil's Saturn and the Golden Age less a product of antiquity than of his own originating genius.
152. Jean-Michael Roddaz, Marcus Agrippa (Paris 1984). Rev: Meyer Reinhold, AJP 107 (1986) 130-2.
Roddaz provides valuable information on Agrippa's engineering and monumental feats, as well as his political role. Vergil, who found little favor with Agrippa, was unquestionably impressed by the staunch companion of Augustus.
153. Franz Brunhölzl, "Der sogennante Galluspapyrus von Kasr Ibrim,'' Codices manuscripti 10 (1984) 33-40.
154. Vinzenz Buchheit, "Einflüsse Vergils auf tag Dichterbewüsstsein des Horaz," SO 60 (1985) 79-93.
155. John Scott Campbell, "Animae Dimidium Meae: Horace's Tribute to Vergil," CJ 82 (1987) 314-8.
156. J. D. Ellsworth, "Ovid's `Aeneid' Reconsidered (Met. 13.623-14.608)," Vergilius 32 (1986) 27-32.
157. Jochem Kuppers, Tantarum Causas Irarum. Untersuchungen zur enleitenden Bucherdyade der Punica des Silius Italicus (Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte, Band 23) (Berlin 1986). Rev: D.P. Fowler, G&R 34 (1987) 93-4.
158. Charles E. Murgia, ''Ovid Fasti 3.557-58," CP 82 (1987) 151-3.
159. L. Nicastri Cornelio Gallo e l'elegia ellenistico-romana (Napoli 1984). Rev: Fritz Graf, Gymnasium 94 (1987) 175-7.
160. Michael C. J. Putnam, Artifices of Eternity: Horace's Fourth Book of Odes (Cornell Studies in Philology, 43) (The Townsend Lectures) (Ithaca 1986).
161. Erwin Sonderegger, "Der Flügel des Dädalus Met. 8.189-95)," Gymnasium 93 (1986) 520-32.
162. C. Weber, "Gallus' Grynium and Virgil's Cumae," ARCM 1 (1978) 45-76.
Brunhölzl casts doubt on the authenticity of the Gallus papyrus retrieved from Kasr Ibrim. Nicastri responds to the challenge and favors authenticity for the much criticised verses. Buchheit is concerned with Odes I.7, III.l, III.4 and I.26. He refers to his contribution to Atti Convegno Virgiliano Mondiale I (1984) 212-26 entitled "Einflusse Vergils auf tag Dichterbewusstsein des Horaz. I. Vacui sub umbra lusimus. Campbell regards Horace's tribute as a subtle and witty compliment to Vergil's intellectual and poetic preoccupations, and to the tragic heroism which lies at the heart of the Georgics. Ellsworth deals with the three longest stories in Ovid's so-called Aeneid (Galatea/Acis/Polyphemus; Scylla/Glaucus/Circe; and Picus/Canens/Circe). He argues for their close integration into their context, structure, and time- frame. Kuppers explores ties between Vergil and Silius Italicus in a masterly instance of German Rezeptionsgeschichte. Murgia refers to Aeneid 4.682-3, Anna's exclamation on Dido's destructive procedures. Putnam's new study of Horace's Odes IV refers repeatedly to Horace's use of Vergil's Aeneid. Sonderegger offers a technical reconstruction of the remigium alarum of Daedalus.
163. Elizabeth Block, "Narrative Judgment and Audience Response in Homer and Vergil,'' Arethusa 19 (1986) 155-69.
164. H. F. Guite, "Teaching the Appreciation of Latin Metre," CJ 81 (1986) 348-51.
165. Lennart H˜ackanson, "Adverbs in Latin Poetry," Eranos 84 (1986) 23-56.
166. Stephen Harrison, "Virgilian Similes: Some Connections," Papers, Liverpool Latin Seminar 5, 1985 (1986) 99-107.
167. Walter Moskalew, Formular Language and Poetic Design in the Aeneid (Mnemosyne Supplement 73) (Leiden 1982). Rev: S. J. Harrison, JRS 76 (1986) 319-20.
168. Edgar C. Reinke, ''Onomatopoetic Alliteration in Vergil's Aeneid, Books 1-6," CB 62 (1986) 37-42.
169. Sebastiano Timpanaro, Per la storia della filologia vergilhlna antica (Roma 1986).
Block treats Vergilian apostrophes and compositional techniques in her study of Homer and Vergil. Guite's brief article is required reading for teachers and students intent on sensing the music of Vergil's verse. H˜ackanson includes repeated instances of Vergilian adverbial usages. Harrison's study of Vergil's similes breaks new ground. Reinke marshals selected instances of Vergil's alliterative effects felt in the linear repetition of one or more of several initial consonants. Timpanaro wins high praise for profound learning and deep love of the poet.
170. Alessandro Barchiesi, La Traccia del Modello: Effetti Omerici Nella Narrazione Virgiliana (Pisa 1984). Rev: S. J. Harrison, JRS 76 (1986) 320 1; H. Bardon, Latomus 45 (1986) 690.
171. Thomas Berres, Die Entstehung der Aeneis. (Hermes Einzelschriften 45) (Wiesbaden 1982). Rev: S. J. Harrison, JRS 76 (1986) 318-9; N. Horsfall, CR 37 (1987) 15-7.
172. Bonnie A. Catto, "Lucretian Labor and Vergil's Labor Improbus," CJ 81 (1986) 305- 18.
173. Wendell Clausen, Virgil's Aeneid and the Tradition of Hellenistic Poetry (Sather Lectures 1982) (Berkeley 1987).
174. Denis Feeney, "Following after Hercules in Virgil and Apollonius,'' PVS 18 (1986) 47-85.
175. H. Hofmann, "Ein Aratpapyrus bei Vergil,'' Hermes 113 (1985) 468-80.
176. Howard Jacobson, "Vergil's Dido and Euripides' Helen," AJP 108 (1987) 167-8.
177. H D. Jocelyn, "Lucretius, his Copyists and the Sorrows of the Underworld (De Rerum Natura 3.978-1023)," AClass 29 (1986) 43-56.
178. L. Ramorino Martini, "Influssi lucreziani nelle Bucoliche di Virgilio," Civilt2 Classica e Cristiana 7 (1986) 297-331.
179. Alessandro Romeo, Il proemio epico antico, quattro capitol I. (Reggio di Calabria 1985).
180. Andrée Thill, Alter ab Illo. Recherches sur l'imitatio dans la poesie personelle à; l'époque augustéenne. (Paris 1979).
181. Richard F. Thomas, "Proteus the Sealherd (Callimich. SH. Frag 254.6)," CP 81 (1986) 319.
Barchiesi is particularly helpful with Homeric Influence on Aeneid 10. Catto examines labor improbus (Geo. 1.145-6) in the context of Vergil's poetic predecessors, primarily Lucretius. To Lucretius the human condition is characterized by physical labor and by mental labor, self-imposed; and this differentiates men from gods. Vergil adopted the Lucretian idea of labor, but dramatically changed both its cause and its results. Clausen's Sather Lectures study Vergil's relationship to his sources, the action of the poem, motivations of central characters, variety and effectiveness of poetic devices, similes, metaphors, and ekphraseis. Vergil's aims and procedures, choices, emphases, and emotional content are those of a Hellenistic poet. Clausen is the first scholar writing in English to show comprehensively the Alexandrian influence on the Aeneid. Feeney underscores Vergil's departures from the Apollonian Hercules. Jacobson studies Euripides as an influence on Vergil's narrative and aligns Aen. 1.755-6 (the seven years after the Trojan War) with Helen (112, 775-6). Jocelyn shows the extent to which Lucretius assigned a Roman coloring to his account of the underworld in De Rerum Natura 3 and an allegorical rationalisation of the beliefs. Vergilian references abound. Thill is concerned with pre- Vergilian authors who affected the Mantuan. Thomas examines Geo. 4.395, modelled on a sequence in Odyssey 4; Vergil has Cyrene, a modified Eidothea, describe Proteus' activities as pastor phocarum. But Vergil also recalls Callimachus' Victoria Berenices and his alignment of Phocas with Calchas, Homer's seer in Il. 1.70, marks his departure from the Odyssean mode. NJ
182. Franca Ela Consolino, "Da Osidio Geta ad Ausonio e Proba. Le molte possibilità del centone," A&R 28 (1983) 133-51.
183. E. Courtney, "Petronius and the Underworld," AJP 108 (1987) 408-10.
184. Roberto Guerrini, ''Tito al santuario Pafio e il ricordo di Enea, (Tac. Hist. II, 4),'' A&R 31 (1986) 28-34.
185. Ulrich Hübner, ''Vergilisches in der Amyclasepisode der Pharsalia," RhM 130 (1987) 48-58.
186. Norma P. Miller, ''Virgil and Tacitus Again,'' PVS 18 (1986) 87-106.
187. Angela Minicucci, "De Vergilio apud Cassiodorum," RPL 6 (1983) 223-9.
Consolino finds evidence of the Vergilian cento in the Medea of Hosidius Geta and in Ausonius and Proba. Courtney assesses Trimalchio's house as a hellhole, with echoes of Vergil's underworld and of Plato's Protagoras. The house of Callias equates with Hades, and Socrates with Odysseus. Guerrini detects the presence of Vergil, Aen. 6.95-6, 98-9, 151, and of the last four books of the epic in Tacitus Hist. II.4. Miller examines Tacitus, Histories I for Vergilian parallels, many from Aeneid 2, but from the entire epic also. Minicucci illustrates Cassiodorus' indebtedness to Vergil for grammatical knowledge.
188. Virgilio Romano. Scritto e miniato del VI secolo. Commentario (a cura di I Lana) (Roma 1986).
189. W. Suerbaum, "Das ille-ego Prooemium der Aeneis und Halbverse Vergils als Schutz vor Plagiat. Zu einer neuen Karolingischer Paraphrase der Servius- Vita Vergils," Studien zur Alten Geschichte. Siegfried Lauffer zum 70 Geburtstag am 4 August 1981, ed. Hansjorg Kakyk, Brigitte Gullath, Andreas Graeben, Band III (Rome 1986) 971-88.
The reprint of Codex Vaticanus Latinus 3867, with 216 pages of commentary is a handsome production.
190. Paul Alpers, "Convening and Convention in Pastoral Poetry," NLH 14 (1982- 3) 277-304.
191. Amitai Falcon Avi-Ram, Towards a Theory of the Pastoral: The Classics, Walt Whitman and Hart Crane. Ph.D. diss., Yale, 1984. DA 46, 5 (1984) 1270A.
192. Marc Beckwith, "Catabasis in Bleak House: Bucket as Sibyl," DQu 1 (1984) 2-6.
193. Nancy Ruth Bodwock, The Epic Quest: Rimbaud and Vergil's "Aeneid," Ph..D. diss., University of Arizona, 1985. DA 46, 6 (1985) 1623A.
194. Barbara J. Bono, Literary Transvaluation: from Vergilian Epic to Shakespearean Tragicomedy (Berkeley 1985). Rev: K.W. Gransden, CR 36 (1986).
195. J. Rasmus Brandt, "Pity and Fear: A Note on Raphael's Incendio al Borgo," AAHH Ser. 2. No. 1 (1981) 259-74.
196. Eridano Brazzarelli, "Turgenev e le letterature classiche," Colloquio italo-sovietico: Turgenev e la sua opera. (Roma 1980) 25-37.
197. David F. Bright, "Theory and Practice in the Vergilian Cento," ICS 9 (1984) 79-90.
198. Elizabeth Lindsey Britton, The Dido-Aeneas Story from Vergil to Dryden. Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1984. DA 45, 12 (1985) 3642A.
199. Giovanni B Bronzini, "Tradizione culturale e contesto sociale delle legende virgiliane neli'Itala meridionale," C&S 21 (1982) 67- 93.
200. Gordon Campbell, "Imitation in Epitaphium Damonis," MiltonS 29 (1984) 65-79.
201. Gordon Campbell, "Milton and the Lives of the Ancients," JWCI 47 (1984) 234-8.
202. Fernandez Carmona, "De la Eneida al Roman d'Eneas,'' MURCIA 225-36.
203. Vernon Lee Cedar, The Latin Pastoral Eclogue after Vergil. Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1984. DA 45, 8 (1985) 2512A.
204. Douglas Chambers, "The Tomb in the Landscape: John Evelyn's Garden at Albany," JGardHist 1 (1984) 37-54.
205. Thomas R. Cleary and Terry G. Sherwood, "Women in Conrad's Ironical Epic: Virgil, Dante, and Heart of Darkness," Conradiana 16 (1984) 183-94.
206. Maria Cytowska, "Die augusteische Dichter in Polen im 16. Jahrhunderts," Klio 67 (1985) 290-4.
207. A. Dal Santo, ''Vergilius quails vates demigrantium et miserorum appareat in nonnullis poematis Pascolanis," Latinitas 34 (1986) 29-38.
208. Roger Delage, "Berlioz e Virgilio," Il Veltro 28, 1-2 (1984) 55-63.
209. Erik de Jong, "Vergilian Paradise: A Dutch Garden near Moscow in the Early 18th Century," JGardHist 1 (1981) 305-44.
210. Marilyn Desmond, "Chaucer's Aeneid: The Naked Text in English," PCP 19 (1984) 62-7.
211. Lieven D'Hulst, "La traduction des poètes classiques à l'époque romantique," LEC 55 (1987) 65-74.
212. F. J. Diez de Revenga, "Virgilio en la literatura española,'' MURCIA 233-46.
213. R. Escavy Zamora, "La presencia de Virgilio en il `Triuvium' de San Isidro," 247-54.
214. C. Escudero Martinez, "El canto amebeo clásico en la literatura española," MURCIA 255-65.
215. Andrew W. Ettin, Literature and the Pastoral (New Haven 1984), Rev: T.G. Rosenmeyer, CJ 82 (1987) 264-5.
216. Richard Faber, "Présence de Virgile. Seine (pro-) faschistische Rezeption," QS 18 (1983) 233-71.
217. P. Franz Faessler, "Manibus date lilia plenis (Vergil, Aeneis 6, 883)," MH 44 (1987) 55-60.
218. Stephen M. Fallon, "Satan's Return to Hell: Milton's Concealed Dialogue with Homer and Virgil," MiltonQ 18 (1984) 78-81.
219. Margaret Ann McMahan Flansburg, Landscape Imagery in Petrarch's "Canzoniere": Development and Characterization of the Imagery and an Illustration in the Virgil Frontispiece by Simone Martini. Ph.D. diss., University of Oklahoma. DA 47, 3 (1986) 689A-690A.
220. Bruce Fogelman, "Pan with Us: The Continuity of the Eclogue in Twentieth Century Poetry,'' CML 6 (1986) 109-25.
221. Giorgio Galletti e Germano Mulazzini, Il Palazzo Besta di Teglio: Una dimora Rinascimentale in Valtellina (Sandrio 1983). 222. Alan T. Gaylord, "Dido at Hunt, Chaucer at Work," ChauR 17 (1983) 300-15.
223. J.A. González Alcáraz, "Ronsard y Virgilio," MURCIA 303-7.
224. Bruce Edward Graves, Wordsworth's Translations of Latin Poetry. Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1983. DA 44, 12 (1984) 3694A.
225. Jasper Griffin, The Mirror of Myth, The T.S. Eliot Memorial Lecture (London 1986). Rev: David West, CR 37 (1987) 52; Russell Kirk, CJ 82 (1987).
226. F. T. Griffiths and S. J. Rabinowitz, "Tolstoy and Homer," CL 35 (1983) 97-125.
227. Pierre Grimal, Virgile ou la seconde naissance de Rome (Paris 1985). Rev: Lucien Jansem, REL 63 (1985) 316-9.
228. The Classical Temper in Western Europe, ed. John Hardy and Andrew McCredie (Melbourne 1983).
229. Thomas A. Hayward, "The Latin Epigraphs in The Bothie of Tober-NaVuolich," VP (1983) 145- 55.
230. Marie-France Hilgar, "L'Historie de Didon et la légende surfaite de pieux Énée,'' PFSCL 11:20 (1984) 127-38.
231. H. H. Huxley, ''Virgil and Charles Stuart Calverley," PVS 18 (1986) 107-32.
232. R. L. M. Inglesias Montiel, "Virgilio a través de Boccacio," MURCIA 181-92.
233. Michael Jaffe, "Rubens' Aeneas Cartoons at Cardiff," BurlMag 125/960 (1983) 136-50.
234. Daniel Javitch, "The Orlando Furioso and Ovid's Revision of the Aeneid," MLN 99 (1984) 1023-36.
235. Robert E. Jungman, "Amor Vincit Omnia and the Prioress's Brooch," Lore&L 3:9 (1983) 1-7.
236. Craig Kallendorf, "The Rhetorical Criticism of Literature in Early Italian Humanism from Boccacio to Landino," Rhetorica 1 (1983) 33-59.
237. Dieter Kartschoke, "Didos Minne-Didos Schild," Liebe als Literatur: Aufsätze zur erotischen Dichtung in Deutschland (Rüdiger Krohn, ed.) (Munich 1983) 99-116.
238. Lisa J. Kiser, Telling Classical Tales: Chaucer and the ''Legend of Good Women," (Ithaca 1983).
239. Kenneth F. Kitchell, Jr., ''The Shrinking of the Epic Hero: From Homer to Richard Adams's Watership Down," CML (1986) 13-30.
240. Konrad Krautter, Die Renaissance der Bukolik in der lateinische Literatur des XIV. Jahrhunderts: von Dante bis Petrarca. (Theorie und Geschichte der Literatur und der Schonen Kunste, Band 65) (Munich 1983).
241. Antonio La Penna, ''Incontri di Gide e Valéry con Virgilio," Saggi e Ricerche di Letteratura Francese 22 (1983) 109-82.
242. Paul Larivaille, "La 'Grande difference' entre les imitateurs et les voleurs: à propos de la parodie des amours de Didon et Énée dans les Ragionamenti de l'Aretin,'' Réécritures 1: Commentaires, parodies, variations dans la littérature italienne de la Renaissance (Paris 1983) 41- 119.
243. Lectures medievales de Virgile. Actes de la Table Ronde de Rome, 25-28 Octobre, 1982. Collections de l'École Française de Rome, 80 (Paris 1985). Rev: Andrée Thill, REL 63 (1985) 320-1.
244. M. I. Lopez and E. Hernandez, "Virgilio y Cascales," MURCIA 379-85.
245. George DeForest Lord, Classical Presences in Seventeenth-Century English Poetry (New Haven 1987).
246. Anthony Low, "New Science and the Georgic Revolution in Seventeenth-Century English Literature," ELR 13 (1983) 213-59.
247. Anthony Low, ''Milton, Paradise Regained and Georgic," PMLA 98 (1983) 152-69.
248. Anne McWhir, "The Wolf in the Fold: John Gay in The Shepherd's Week and Trivia," SEL 23 (1983) 413-23.
249. C. Martindale, John Milton and the Transformation of Ancient Epic (London 1986).
250. Chris L. Meesakkers, "Tragoedia Dido P. Cunaei (Leiden University Library MS.Cun. 71)," HL 33 (1984) 145-97.
251. Angela Minicucci, "Quae Vergiliana insint in carmine Pandulphi Collenucii Florentia inscripto," RPL 7 (1984) 155-60.
252. Robert S. Miola, Shakespeare's Rome (Cambridge 1983).
253. Rocco Montano, "Virgilio e Dante," Studia Branca 1, 233-50. (Miscellanea di Studi in Onore di Vittore Branca. Biblioteca dell' Archivium Romanum, vols. 176-82.).
254. Robert E. Morse, Evocation of Virgil in Tolkien's Art: Geritol for the Classics (Oak Park, Illinois 1986).
255. John Kevin Newman, The Classical Epic Tradition (Madison, Wisc. 1986). Rev: K. W. Gransden, CR 37 (1987) 47-50; John E. Rexine, Vergilius 32 (1986) 101-2; Robert J. Rowland, Jr., CW 80 (1987) 332.
256. Michael G. Paulson, "The Dido Legend and the Evolution of French Tragic Drama," LangQ 20 (1982) 27-31.
257. Ronald Paulson, Literary Landscape: Turner and Constable (New Haven 1982).
258. Lisa Vergara, Rubens and the Poetic of Landscape (New Haven 1982).
259. The Early Renaissance: Virgil and the Classical Tradition, ed. Anthony L. Pellegrini (Binghamton, N.Y. 1984) (Center for Medieval and Early Renaisssance Studies, 1984. Acta, Vol. IX).
260. Maurice Pia, "Le modèle virgilien dans les Saisons de James Thomson (1730): Adaptation et `innutrition'," Sociétés des anglicistes et de l'enseignement supérieure (ed. G. Laprerotte) (Paris 1982) 177-92.
261. Lee Piepho, ''The Latin and English Eclogues of Phineas Fletcher: Sannazaro's Piscatoria among the Britons," SP 81 (1984) 461-72.
262. Michèle Plaisant, "Virgile, Le Lorrain, Thomason: `Arcadia Revisited': Saisies de l'éspace descriptif et pictural," BSEAA 18 (1984) 45-73.
263. V. Polo García, "Borges y los clasicos," MURCIA 437-49.
264. J. M. Pozuelo Yvancos, "La recepción de Virgilio en la teoría literaria española del Siglo XVI,'' MURCIA 467-79.
265. E. Ramón Sales, "Presencia de Virgilio en el Ulises de James Joyce," MURCIA 505-10.
266. Meyer Reinhold, Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States (Detroit 1984). Rev: M. E. Bradford, CJ 81 (1986) 355-6; A. B. Malgarini, Elenchos 8 (1987) 181-8.
267. Altro Polo. The Classical Continuum in Italian Thought and Letters, ed. Anne Reynolds (Sydney 1984).
268. Mary Margaret Richards, The Idea of Rome in the Work of T.S. Eliot. Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1986. DA 47, 5 (1986) 1736A.
269. L. Rubio Fernández, "Virgilio en el medioevo y el Renacimiento español," MURCIA 27-57.
270. Wolfgang E. H. Rudat, "T.S. Eliot's Allusive Technique: Chaucer, Virgil, Pope," Renascence 35 (1983) 167-82.
271. George Sanderlin, "Gawain and Aeneas; Hints of the Anti-Hero," LangQ 23 (1984) 13-4.
272. Das Aeneissupplement des Maffeo Vegio, ed. Bernd Schneider (Weinheim 1985). Rev: Richard Jenkyns, CR 36 (1986) 356-7.
273. Richard J. Schrader, "Sacred Groves, Marvellous Waters, and Grendel's Abode," Florilegium 5 (1983) 76-84.
274. Eric Shanes, "Picture in Focus," Turner Stud. 1 (1980) 49-53.
275. Jerome Singerman, Under Clouds of Poesy: Poetry and Truth in French and English Reworking of the Aeneid, 1160-1513. (New York 1986).
276. Eric A. Sluitjer, "Onderwerpen uit de Aeneis in de Noord-Nederlandse schilderkunst von de zeventiende en eerst helft achtiende euuw," Hermeneus 54 (1982) 314-28.
277. Paul W. Spillenger, "An Aspect of Vergil's Role in the Commedia," RN 24 (1983) 55-8.
278. Margarita Stocker, "Remodeling Virgil: Marvell's New Astraea," SP 84 (1987) 159-79.
279. Bruce Stovel, "Waverly and the Aeneid: Scott's Art of Illusion," English Studies in Canada 11 (1985) 26-39.
280. Margarethe Stracke, Klassische Formen und Neue Wirklichkeit: Die lateinische Ekloge tea Humanismus (Romania Occidentalis 2) (Wurzburg 1981).
281. Roberta Stragi, "Presence virgiliane in Giuliano di Toledo," Maia 38 (1986) 41-50.
282. Mihoko Suzuki, Helen's Daughters: Woman as Emblem in the Matter of Troy. Ph.D. diss. Yale, 1982. DA 44, 2 (1983) 484A-485A.
283. Antike und europäische Welt: Aspekte der Auseinandersetzung mit der Antike, ed. Maja Svilar, Stefan Kunze, (New York 1984).
284. Andrée Thill, "Jacob Bilde (1604-1688) et Virgile," Humanistica Lovaniensia 32 (1983) 325-41.
285. Ian Thomson, "De Commento quod dicitur Bernardi Silvestris super sex libros Aeneidos Vergilii," Hermes Americanus 1:4 (1983) 222-4.
286. Thomas R. Thornburg, "Tracking Swift: The Mock Heroic in The Battle of the Books," BSUF 23:2 (1982) 3-14.
287. Bruce Stacy Thornton, Omnia Fert Aetas: Pastoral and History from Theocritus to Ford Madox Ford. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1983. DA 45, 1 (1984) 177A.
288. Renaissances before the Renaissance: Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. Warren Treadgold (Stanford 1984).
289. Winfried Trillitzsch, "Augusteische Dichtung im deutschen Renaissancehumanismus: Das dichterische Werke des Erzhumanisten Conrad Celtis," Klio 67 (1985) 295-301.
290. J. A. Triguero Cano, "Virgilio y Petrarca," MURCIA 519-29.
291. Jose Van den Besselaar, "Camöens' Concept of Epic Poetry and Myth," Camöes à la Renaissance (Travaux de l'Institut pour l'Etude de la Renaissance et de l'Humanisme, 5) (Brussels 1982) 57-70.
292. Ilja M. Veldman, "Een prentenserie van Aeneis door Crispijn di Passe de Oude (1612)," Hermeneus 54 (1982) 304-10.
293. John W. Velz, ''Cracking Strong Curbs Asunder: Roman Destiny and the Roman Hero in Coriolanus," ELR 13 (1983) 58-69.
294. A. Wankenne, ''Deux enquêtes sur l'Énéide," LEC 55 (1987) 81- 2.
295. Winthrop Wetherbee, "Poeta che mi guida: Dante, Lucan, and Virgil," Canons, ed. Robert von Hallberg (Chicago 1984), 131-48.
Alpers treats Vergilian pastoral conventions in Marvell's "Damon the Mower'' and Thomas Lodge's ''The Solitary Reaper." Beckwith provides insights into Dickens' knowledge of the classics and Vergilian allusions in Bleak House. Bronzini studies popular legends about Vergil in South Italy during the 19th and 20th centuries. Campbell (#201) argues that Milton's attitude to Vergil is both imitative and competitive. Cleary and Sherwood show how Vergil and Dante shaped Conrad's symbolic journey and his ironic treatment of women. Kurtz resembles a failed Aeneas, "dead and buried near his Carthage and his Dido." Delage assesses Berlioz's La Prise de Troye and Les Troyens à Carthage as a merger of Vergil, Glück, and Shakespeare. Desmond explores Chaucer's transformations of Vergilian and Ovidian scenes. De Jong examines 20 drawings reflecting Vergilian motifs in a garden setting. Faber recalls Vergil's role in Italian fascism where imperialism was rampant. Faessler traces the Marcellus eulogy through Dante into a Mozart motet. Flansburg suggests that the classical valley setting for Simone Martini's frontispiece derives from Vergil's pastoral environment and from Vaucluse. Galletti and Mulazzini examine decorated scenes from Vergil's epic in the palace courtyard. Gaylord's article finds reasons for Chaucer's preference for decasyllabic verses for the Dido legend and explores his application of Ovidian perspectives to the Vergilian base. Greene offers the first thorough study of imitatio, both in theory and practice, in a full range of Renaissance poets. Griffin offers a masterly reflection on T. S. Eliot's classicism and concentrates on Eliot's Dante as mediator between two otherwise irreconcilable worlds. Huxley studies C. S. Calverley's Latin exercises in verse and the larger issue of translation. Rubens' cartoons at Cardiff derive from epic themes; their authenticity is vexed. Javitch sheds light on Ovid's defiance of Vergil, a factor appreciated by Ariosto. The prioress' brooch, with its Vergilian inscription, highlights Chaucer's role, in Jungman's view, in medieval legend; both Christianity and magic are ingredients of his art. Kartschoke studies the guilty/not guilty response to Dido in the late Middle Ages. Krautter analyses the development and the uses of the bucolic genre in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Larivaille examines Pietro Aretino's Ragionamenti; Part II introduces a debate over imitation and plagiarism. Aretino parodies the love story of Aeneas and Dido as a demythologization of the present. The Mediaeval Lectures on Vergil (#243) mark a departure from the "monumental" study of Domenico Comparetti of time past. Twenty scholars contribute to the collection. Montano reminds us that Vergil was the first to propound Divine Providence as a cosmic force before the Advent of Christ. Dante clearly sensed in Vergil a striking coincidence with Christian thought with his sense of destiny and visions transcending history. Morse treats the continuity of major themes in Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and Vergil's Aeneid. Coincidences between Frodo and Aeneas, Aragorn and Aeneas, Dido and Denethor seem somewhat challenging in the space of Middle Earth. Pellegrini's volume contains articles by Maristella de Panizza Lorch, Mario A. Di Cesare, William J. Kennedy, and David G. Hale. Piepho's article studies Vergilian echoes in a seaside setting in association with religious allegory and ecclesiastical satire. Plaisant studies the influence of Vergil in paintings by Claude Lorrain. Sanderlin argues that Aeneas and Gawain both win the sympathy of readers today as anti-heroes, alike in their high seriousness, sense of mission, goodness, encounters with women, and human frailty. Schneider's study of Maffeo Vegio's Thirteenth Aeneid (1428) provides a careful edition, German translation, and apparatus criticus. Borrowings from Vergil are carefully examined in an elegant presentation. Schrader finds sources for Grendel's home in Vergil and the Vergilian tradition. Shanes studies a Turner painting, now lost, picturing "Aeneas relating his story to Dido." He includes a photograph of the painting which was once in the Tate Gallery, London. Sluitjer studies themes from the Aeneid in Northern Netherland paintings of the 17th and 18th centuries. The artists are not the most celebrated. Spillenger settles on concilio/Virgilio/esilio as indicative of Dante's goal to gain entry to the beato concilio rather than be relegated to l'eterno esilio. Thill's concern is with the influence of Horace, and more particularly Vergil, on the Neo-Latin poetry of the German Jesuit, Jacob Bilde. Veldman studies engravings of Crispijn di Pase de Oude which illustrate Vergilian works: Eclogues (5) Georgics (4), and Aeneid (15). Velz points to Vergil's role in shaping Shakespeare's concep~tion of ancient Rome. Wankenne examines two studies by Pierre Courcelle which deal with pagan and Christian readers of the epic, and illustrated manuscripts of the Aeneid from the 10th to the 15th century. Wetherbee is concerned with Dante's attempt to experience the classical influence in all its complexity.
Alexander G. McKay
15 July 1987
McMaster University
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